Ping
For WindowsSyntax
ping localhost
ping
google.com
Ping the host google.com to see if it is alive.
ping google.com -c 1
Ping the host google.com once and return to the command line as shown below.
PING google.com (204.228.150.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.google.com (204.228.150.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.267 ms
--- google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.267/0.267/0.267/0.000 ms
Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.
For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.
For SetClassID, if no class id is specified, then the classid is removed.
To get your computers local network IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway typing ipconfig alone will display this information as shown below. Keep in mind this is only your local network information. If you're trying to determine your IP address used on the Internet we suggest viewing our system information page.
ipconfig
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ut.comcast.net.
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.245
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.1
To get all local network information for your computer use the /all switch as shown below, followed by the results that would be seen when using this command.
ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . : COMPUTERH1
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.8
111.111.111.1
111.111.111.1
Node Type . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast
NetBIOS Scope ID. . . . . . :
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . : No
NetBIOS Resolution Uses DNS : No
0 Ethernet adapter :
Description . . . . . . . . : PPP Adapter.
Physical Address. . . . . . : 44-44-44-54-00-00
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.802
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . : 123.45.67.801
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255
Primary WINS Server . . . . :
Secondary WINS Server . . . :
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM
1 Ethernet adapter :
Description . . . . . . . . : 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . : 00-50-04-62-F7-23
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.108
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1
Primary WINS Server . . . . :
Secondary WINS Server . . . :
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 11 16 00 12:12:44 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . :
Reference: http://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htm
Hostname
About hostname
Display the hostname of the machine the command is being run on. Additional information about the term hostname can be found on our hostname dictionary definition.
The hostname command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
hostname
sethostname: Use the Network Control Panel Applet to set hostname.
hostname -s is not supported.
hostname
Users with Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP who need additional information network latency and network loss should also consider using the pathping command.
The tracert.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
MS-DOS 6.2
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Options:
Below is an example when we used tracert on www.computerhope.com.
As you can see in the below example, we had a very short list and time
to get to its destination because of the location we are.
tracert computerhope.com
traceroute computerhope.com - would display results similar to the
below example.
traceroute to computerhope.com (166.70.10.23), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 198.60.22.1 (198.60.22.1) 2.303 ms 1.424 ms 2.346 ms
2 krunk3.xmission.com (198.60.22.6) 0.742 ms * 1.521 ms
For WindowsSyntax
| ping | [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] |
| [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] | |
| [-w timeout] destination-list |
| Options: | |
| -t | Pings the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break; To stop - press Ctrl +C |
| -a | Resolve addresses to hostnames. |
| -n count | Number of echo requests to send. |
| -l size | Send buffer size. |
| -f | Set Don't Fragment flag in packet. |
| -i TTL | Time To Live. |
| -v TOS | Type Of Service. |
| -r count | Record route for count hops. |
| -s count | Timestamp for count hops. |
| -j host-list | Loose source route along host-list. |
| -k host-list | Strict source route along host-list. |
| -w timeout | Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply. |
Pings
the local host, this will allow you to see if the computer is able to
send information out and receive the information back. Note that this
does not send information over a network but may allow you to see if the
card is being seen.
ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Allows you to ping another computer where the x's
are located are where you would place the IP address of the computer
you are attempting to ping. If this is not able to complete, this should
relay back an unsuccessful message, which could be an indication of
cable issues, network card issues, hub issue, etc.
ping computerhope.com
PING computerhope.com (204.228.150.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.computerhope.com (204.228.150.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.267 ms
--- computerhope.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.267/0.267/0.267/0.000 ms
64 bytes from www.computerhope.com (204.228.150.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.267 ms
--- computerhope.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.267/0.267/0.267/0.000 ms
For Linux
Syntax
ping -s [-d] [-l] [-L] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-v] [ -i interface_address ] [-I interval] [-t ttl] host [packetsize] [count]| -d | Set the SO_DEBUG socket option. |
| -l | Loose source route. Use this option in the IP header to send the packet to the given host and back again. Usually specified with the -R option. |
| -L | Turn off loopback of multicast packets. Normally, if there are members in the host group on the out- going interface, a copy of the multicast packets will be delivered to the local machine. |
| -n | Show network addresses as numbers. ping normally displays addresses as host names. |
| -r | Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has been dropped by the router daemon. |
| -R | Record route. Sets the IP record route option, which will store the route of the packet inside the IP header. The contents of the record route will only be printed if the -v option is given, and only be set on return packets if the target host preserves the record route option across echos, or the -l option is given. |
| -v | Verbose output. List any ICMP packets, other than ECHO_RESPONSE, that are received. |
| -i interface_address | Specify the outgoing interface address to use for multicast packets. The default interface address for multicast packets is determined from the (unicast) routing tables. |
| -I interval | Specify the interval between successive transmissions. The default is one second. |
| -t ttl | Specify the IP time to live for unicast and multicast packets. The default time to live for unicast packets is set with ndd (using the icmp_def_ttl variable). The default time to live for multicast is one hop. |
| host | The network host. |
| packetsize | Specified size of packetsize. Default is 64. |
| count | Amount of times to send the ping request. |
Ping the host google.com to see if it is alive.
ping google.com -c 1
Ping the host google.com once and return to the command line as shown below.
PING google.com (204.228.150.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from www.google.com (204.228.150.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.267 ms
--- google.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.267/0.267/0.267/0.000 ms
Reference : http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000444.htm#02
ipconfig
Ipconfig is a DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS
and a MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned
and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network
connection as well as to verify your network settings.
Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
| /All | Display detailed information. |
| /Batch [file] | Write to file or ./WINIPCFG.OUT |
| /renew_all | Renew all adapters. |
| /release_all | Release all adapters. |
| /renew N | Renew adapter N. |
| /release N | Release adapter N. |
Windows 2000 and XP syntax
ipconfig
[/? | /all | /release [adapter] | /renew [adapter] | /flushdns |
/registerdns | /showclassid adapter | /setclassid adapter [classidtoset]
]| /all | Display full configuration information. |
| /release | Release the IP address for the specified adapter. |
| /renew | Renew the IP address for the specified adapter. |
| /flushdns | Purges the DNS Resolver cache. |
| /registerdns | Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names |
| /displaydns | Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache. |
| /showclassid | Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter. |
| /setclassid | Modifies the dhcp class id. |
For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.
For SetClassID, if no class id is specified, then the classid is removed.
To get your computers local network IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway typing ipconfig alone will display this information as shown below. Keep in mind this is only your local network information. If you're trying to determine your IP address used on the Internet we suggest viewing our system information page.
ipconfig
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ut.comcast.net.
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.245
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.1
To get all local network information for your computer use the /all switch as shown below, followed by the results that would be seen when using this command.
ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . : COMPUTERH1
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.8
111.111.111.1
111.111.111.1
Node Type . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast
NetBIOS Scope ID. . . . . . :
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . : No
NetBIOS Resolution Uses DNS : No
0 Ethernet adapter :
Description . . . . . . . . : PPP Adapter.
Physical Address. . . . . . : 44-44-44-54-00-00
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.802
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . : 123.45.67.801
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255
Primary WINS Server . . . . :
Secondary WINS Server . . . :
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM
1 Ethernet adapter :
Description . . . . . . . . : 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter
Physical Address. . . . . . : 00-50-04-62-F7-23
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.108
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1
Primary WINS Server . . . . :
Secondary WINS Server . . . :
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 11 16 00 12:12:44 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . :
Reference: http://www.computerhope.com/ipconfig.htm
Hostname
About hostname
Display the hostname of the machine the command is being run on. Additional information about the term hostname can be found on our hostname dictionary definition.
The hostname command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
hostname
sethostname: Use the Network Control Panel Applet to set hostname.
hostname -s is not supported.
hostname
Running the command would display the hostname for the computer.
TRACERT and TRACEROUTE
For Windows
About tracert
The
tracert command is used to visually see a network packet being sent and
received and the amount of hops required for that packet to get to its
destination.Users with Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP who need additional information network latency and network loss should also consider using the pathping command.
The tracert.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems.
MS-DOS 6.2
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
| tracert | [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name |
| -d | Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. |
| -h maximum_hops | Maximum number of hops to search for target. |
| -j host-list | Loose source route along host-list. |
| -w timeout | Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. |
tracert computerhope.com
| 1 | 169 ms | 190 ms | 160 ms | slc1-tc.xmission.com [166.70.1.20] | |||||
| 2 | 159 ms | 160 ms | 190 ms | cisco0-tc.xmission.com [166.70.1.1] | |||||
| 3 | 165 ms | 189 ms | 159 ms | www.computerhope.com [166.70.10.23] |
For Linux
Print the route packets take to network host.
traceroute
[-d] [-F] [-I] [-n] [-v] [-x] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway [-g gateway] |
-r] [-i iface] [-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-t
tos] [-w waittime ] host [packetlen]| -d | Set the SO_DEBUG socket option. |
| -F | Set the "don't fragment" bit. |
| -I | Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams. |
| -n | Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically and numerically. This saves a nameserver address-to-name lookup for each gateway found on the path. |
| -v | Verbose output. For each hop, the size and the destination of the response packets is displayed. Also ICMP packets received other than TIME_EXCEEDED and UNREACHABLE are listed as well. |
| -x | Prevent traceroute from calculating checksums. Note that checksums are usually required for the last hop when using ICMP ECHO probes. See the -I option. |
| -f first_ttl | Set the starting ttl value to first_ttl, to override the default value 1. traceroute skips processing for those intermediate gateways which are less than first_ttl hops away. |
| -g gateway | Specify a loose source route gateway. The user can specify more than one gateway by using -g for each gateway. The maximum that can be set is 8. |
| -r | Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to send probes to a local host through an interface that has been dropped by the router daemon. |
| -i iface | Specify a network interface to obtain the source IP address for outgoing probe packets. This is normally only useful on a multi-homed host. The -s option is also another way to do this. Note that this option does not provide a way to specify the interface on which the probe packets are sent. |
| -m max_ttl | Set the maximum ttl used in outgoing probe packets. The default is 30 hops, which is the same default used for TCP connections. |
| -p port | Set the base UDP port number used in probes. The default is 33434. traceroute hopes that nothing is listening on UDP ports (base+(nhops- 1)*nqueries) to (base+(nhops*nqueries)-1)at the destination host, so that an ICMP PORT_UNREACHABLE message will be returned to terminate the route tracing. If something is listening on a port in the default range, this option can be used to select an unused port range.nhops is defined as the number of hops between the source and the destination. |
| -q nqueries | Set the desired number of probe queries. The default is 3. |
| -s src_addr | Use the following address, which usually is given as an IP address, not a hostname, as the source address in outgoing probe packets. On multi-homed hosts, those with more than one IP address, this option can be used to force the source address to be something other than the IP address traceroute picks by default. If the IP address is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is returned and nothing is sent. When used together with the -i option, the given IP address should be configured on the specified interface. Otherwise, an error will be returned. |
| -t tos | Set the tos(type-of-service) in probe packets to the specified value. The default is zero. The value must be an integer in the range from 0 to 255. Gateways along the path may route the probe packet differently depending upon the tos value set in the probe packet. |
| -w waittime | Set the time, in seconds, to wait for a response to a probe. The default is five (5) seconds. |
| host | The network host. |
traceroute to computerhope.com (166.70.10.23), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
1 198.60.22.1 (198.60.22.1) 2.303 ms 1.424 ms 2.346 ms
2 krunk3.xmission.com (198.60.22.6) 0.742 ms * 1.521 ms
Note:
in this example because we are local to the address we are tracerouting
the amount of hops is very minimal. However, when you traceroute
computerhope.com you may hop more than we do.
This command is very useful for distinguishing
network or
router issues. If the domain does not work or is not available you can traceroute an IP.
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